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Concept

Quantum entanglement is the phenomenon in which the quantum state of each particle in a group cannot be described independently of the state of the others, even when the particles are separated by a large distance. The topic of quantum entanglement is at the heart of the disparity between classical physics and quantum physics: entanglement is a primary feature of quantum mechanics not present in classical mechanics. Measurements of physical properties such as position, momentum, spin, and polarization performed on entangled particles can, in some cases, be found to be perfectly correlated. For example, if a pair of entangled particles is generated such that their total spin is known to be zero, and one particle is found to have clockwise spin on a first axis, then the spin of the other particle, measured on the same axis, is found to be counterclockwise. This behavior gives rise to seemingly paradoxical effects: any measurement of a particle's properties results in an apparent and irreversible wave function collapse of that particle and changes the original quantum state. With entangled particles, such measurements affect the entangled system as a whole. However individual measurement outcomes cannot be controlled, so entanglement alone cannot be used to transmit information. Such phenomena were the subject of a 1935 paper by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen, and several papers by Erwin Schrödinger shortly thereafter, describing what came to be known as the EPR paradox. Einstein and others considered such behavior impossible, as it violated the local realism view of causality and argued that the accepted formulation of quantum mechanics must therefore be incomplete. Later, the counterintuitive predictions of quantum mechanics were verified in tests where polarization or spin of entangled particles were measured at separate locations, statistically violating Bell's inequality. This established that the correlations produced from quantum entanglement cannot be explained in terms of local hidden variables. Entanglement can produce statistical correlations between events in widely separated places, but it cannot be used for faster-than-light communication. Quantum entanglement has been demonstrated experimentally with photons, electrons, top quarks, molecules and even small diamonds. The use of quantum entanglement in communication and computation is an active area of research and development.

Being

Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist. He was a central figure of 20th-century British music, with a range of works including opera, other vocal music, orchestral and chamber pieces. His best-known works include the opera Peter Grimes (1945), the War Requiem (1962) and the orchestral showpiece The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra (1945). Britten was born in Lowestoft, Suffolk, the son of a dentist. He showed talent from an early age. He studied at the Royal College of Music in London and privately with the composer Frank Bridge. Britten first came to public attention with the a cappella choral work A Boy Was Born in 1934. With the premiere of Peter Grimes in 1945, he leapt to international fame. Over the next 28 years, he wrote 14 more operas, establishing himself as one of the leading 20th-century composers in the genre. In addition to large-scale operas for Sadler's Wells and Covent Garden, he wrote chamber operas for small forces; among the best known of these is The Turn of the Screw (1954). Recurring themes in his operas include the struggle of an outsider against a hostile society and the corruption of innocence. Britten's other works range from orchestral to choral, solo vocal, chamber and instrumental as well as film music. He took a great interest in writing music for children and amateur performers, including the opera Noye's Fludde, a Missa Brevis, and the song collection Friday Afternoons. He often composed with particular performers in mind. His most frequent and important muse was his personal and professional partner, the tenor Peter Pears; others included Kathleen Ferrier, Jennifer Vyvyan, Janet Baker, Dennis Brain, Julian Bream, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Osian Ellis and Mstislav Rostropovich. Britten was a celebrated pianist and conductor, performing many of his own works in concert and on record. He also performed and recorded works by others, such as Bach's Brandenburg Concertos, Mozart symphonies, and song cycles by Schubert and Schumann. Together with Pears and the librettist and producer Eric Crozier, Britten founded the annual Aldeburgh Festival in 1948, and he was responsible for the creation of Snape Maltings concert hall in 1967. In 1976, he was the first composer to be given a life peerage. He died shortly afterwards, aged 63.

Being

Dennis Dexter Haysbert (born June 2, 1954) is an American actor and voice actor. He is known for his roles as President David Palmer on the first five seasons of 24, baseball player Pedro Cerrano in the Major League film trilogy, Secret Service agent Tim Collin in the political thriller film Absolute Power, Sergeant Major Jonas Blane on the CBS military action drama series The Unit, and God on the Netflix show Lucifer. He has also appeared in the films Love Field, Navy SEALS, Heat, Waiting to Exhale, and Far from Heaven, as well as the science fiction series Incorporated. He is currently the narrator for the A&E Network's American Justice television series.

Being

Joseph Mallord William Turner (London, 23 April 1775 – London, 19 December 1851), known in his time as William Turner, was an English Romantic and regarded as one of the greatest and most influential British painters. He elevated the status of landscape painting and is considered a precursor of Impressionism. Turner started his career as a watercolourist, achieved fame and financial success as an oil painter and was also an expert printmaker. His later paintings challenged classicisist artistic conventions and were rejected by critics but are considered today his most important works. Their expressionistic renditions of light and atmosphere inspired the early impressionists Monet and Pissarro when they saw them in London in 1870, 20 years after Turner's death. A child prodigy, Turner was accepted as a student at the Royal Academy of Arts when he was only 14 years old and had a rapid ascent to recognition, fame and financial success. He exhibited his first work in the Academy's Annual Exhibition at 15 and when he was 18 he received a prize recognizing him as a master watercolourist. By his early twenties, he was selling his oil paintings at top market prices to wealthy art collectors and gaining high praises from the academic establishment. At 27, Turner was elected as a Royal Academician, the highest status in the institution, and becoming the youngest artist to achieve this distinction in the Academy's history. In spite of these accomplishments, he was sneered at during his whole career by a few influential critics due to his humble origins; his father was a barber and his mother came from a family of butchers. His unkept appearance and rough demeanor contributed to this perception. Turner's artistic style evolved significantly during his lifetime. He started by imitating old masters; a conscious strategy to gain academic recognition. He was also keenly aware of what wealthy art collectors craved. In his thirties, after becoming a Royal Academician and achieving financial success, he started painting in an increasingly impressionistic style, using landscape sketches from his extensive travels throughout Europe as inspiration. He experimented with the representation of clouds, water and light, with some of his most striking paintings using a vortex as a central compositional element. The most extreme departures from established artistic traditions were not understood at the time and generated negative criticism. Turner was attracted to printmaking and he mastered the different printmaking techniques. He especially liked creating mezzotints, and spent 12 years completing a collection of 71 prints using this technique, which he called the Liber Studiorum (Book of Studies). The collection was influential in elevating the status of landscape painting, which during the early 19th century was considered of lower artistic value than historical painting and portraits. Turner died in London in 1851, aged 76. He was a prolific artist, producing about 550 oil paintings and over 2,000 watercolours during his lifetime. In an unpredecented gesture, he bequeathed to the nation over 300 oil paintings, a collection worth a fortune. Many of the oil paintings are displayed at London's Tate Britain museum.

Being

Jeffrey Edward Epstein (January 20, 1953 – August 10, 2019) was an American financier and child sex offender. He began his career as a math teacher at the Dalton School in New York City, before entering the banking and finance sector. Over several decades, he made much of his fortune providing tax and estate services to billionaires, and cultivated an elite social circle of prominent individuals. In 2008, he was convicted of soliciting a minor for prostitution, and was indicted in 2019 for sex trafficking minors in the 2000s. He died in custody awaiting his trial and his death was ruled a suicide. In 2005, police in Palm Beach, Florida, began investigating Epstein after a parent reported that Epstein had paid her 14-year-old stepdaughter to strip and massage him. Investigators identified 36 girls between the ages of 14 and 17 with similar accounts of sexual abuse. Prosecutors had concerns about taking him to trial, citing victim reluctance to testify and witness credibility. This influenced a now-controversial plea deal negotiation, under which Epstein pleaded guilty to state charges of procuring a minor for prostitution, and soliciting a prostitute. He was registered as a sex offender, and served 13 months in jail with work release. Following Epstein's conviction, victims pursued lawsuits and media scrutiny grew. A 2018 Miami Herald article profiled victim stories, and argued that Epstein had evaded justice under a lenient plea deal. This prompted federal investigators in New York to reinvestigate additional charges, and Epstein was indicted in July 2019 on charges of sex trafficking minors between 2002 and 2005. Epstein died in his jail cell on August 10; his death was ruled a suicide by hanging. His death is the subject of conspiracy theories. Epstein maintained a long association with socialite Ghislaine Maxwell, who was convicted in 2021 for sex trafficking girls to him. At the time of his death, Epstein's estate was valued at $600 million, from which hundreds of millions have been paid to at least 200 women in legal settlements. Additional settlements of $290 million from JP Morgan, and $75 million from Deutsche Bank, followed lawsuits which alleged these banks had enabled Epstein's abuse by retaining him as a client. Epstein was a friend or acquaintance of many public figures. The Epstein files, a collection of documents which has been partially released as part of the Epstein Files Transparency Act, provide a public glimpse into the vast network he had cultivated over the late 20th and early 21st centuries.