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Object

Teletubbies is a British children's television series created by Anne Wood and Andrew Davenport for the BBC. The programme focuses on four differently coloured characters known as the Teletubbies, named after the television screens on their bellies. Recognised throughout popular culture for the uniquely shaped antenna protruding from the head of each character, the Teletubbies communicate mostly through gibberish and were designed to bear resemblance to toddlers. The series rapidly became a commercial success in Britain and abroad. It won multiple BAFTA awards and was nominated for two Daytime Emmys throughout its run. A single based on the show's theme song reached number 1 in the UK Singles Chart in December 1997 and remained in the Top 75 for 32 weeks, selling over a million copies. By October 2000, the franchise generated over £1 billion ($1.6 billion) in merchandise sales. Though the original run ended in 2001, a rebooted series was green-lit in 2014. The reboot premiered on CBeebies in the United Kingdom and on the Nick Jr. Channel in the United States. The reboot ran for 120 episodes, with the last episode airing on the Nick Jr. Channel on 17 August 2018. In 2022, a new version of the show premiered on Netflix for American audiences.

Land

Modena (UK: , US: ; Italian: [ˈmɔːdena] ; Modenese: Mòdna [ˈmɔdnɐ]; Etruscan: Mutna; Latin: Mutina) is a city and comune (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena, in the region of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy. With a population of 184,361 as of 2026, it is the 20th-largest city in Italy. A town, and seat of an archbishop, it is known for its car industry since the factories of the famous Italian upper-class sports car makers Ferrari, De Tomaso, Lamborghini, Pagani and Maserati are, or were, located there and all, except Lamborghini, (having their factory in Sant'Agata Bolognese), have headquarters in the city or nearby. One of Ferrari's cars, the 360 Modena, was named after the town itself. Ferrari's production plant and Formula One team Scuderia Ferrari are based in Maranello south of the city. The University of Modena, founded in 1175 and expanded by Francesco II d'Este in 1686, focuses on economics, medicine and law, and is the second oldest athenaeum in Italy. Italian military officers are trained at the Military Academy of Modena, and partly housed in the Baroque Ducal Palace. The Biblioteca Estense houses historical volumes and 3,000 manuscripts. The Cathedral of Modena, the Torre della Ghirlandina and Piazza Grande are a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997. Modena is also known in culinary circles for its production of balsamic vinegar. Famous Modenesi include Mary of Modena, the Queen consort of England and Scotland; operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti and soprano Mirella Freni, born in Modena itself; Enzo Ferrari, eponymous founder of the Ferrari motor company; Catholic priest Gabriele Amorth; chef Massimo Bottura; comics artist Franco Bonvicini; the band Modena City Ramblers and singer-songwriter Francesco Guccini, who lived here for several decades.

Scourge

African trypanosomiasis is an insect-borne parasitic infection of humans and other animals caused by the protozoan species Trypanosoma brucei, which is transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly. Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is also known as sleeping sickness. Humans are infected by two subspecies of T. brucei: T. brucei gambiense is primarily transmitted between humans and causes over 92% of cases, while T. brucei rhodesiense is zoonotic, with animals such as cattle serving as reservoirs. During the first stage of the disease, T. brucei parasites replicate in the blood and lymph, causing fever, headache, itchiness, and joint pains about one to three weeks after the bite. Weeks to months later, the parasite crosses the blood–brain barrier and the second stage begins with neurological symptoms including confusion, poor coordination, numbness, and trouble sleeping. Without treatment, African trypanosomiasis almost always results in death. Diagnosis involves detecting the parasite in a blood smear or lymph node fluid. A lumbar puncture is often needed to tell the difference between first- and second-stage disease. T. brucei gambiense causes chronic infection that can take months to years to develop symptoms, while T. brucei rhodesiense infection causes symptoms within weeks to months. Prevention involves avoiding tsetse fly bites, for example by the use of insect repellents and protective clothing. Vector control measures, such as spraying insecticides and releasing sterilized tsetse flies in endemic areas, have significantly reduced the incidence of disease. Screening the at-risk population with blood tests for T. brucei gambiense can prevent the development of severe disease. Treatment is easier when the disease is detected early and before neurological symptoms begin. The use of pentamidine or suramin treats the first stage of T. brucei infection, but if the disease progresses to the neurological stage, dosages of eflornithine or a combination of nifurtimox and eflornithine are the preferred treatment. Fexinidazole is a more recent treatment that can be taken by mouth for either stage of T. brucei gambiense. While melarsoprol works for both types of sleeping sickness, it is typically used only for T. brucei rhodesiense, due to its serious side effects. The disease occurs regularly in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa with the population at risk being about 70 million in 36 countries. An estimated 11,000 people are currently infected with 2,800 new infections in 2015. In 2024, there were 583 confirmed cases recorded. In 2015, it caused around 3,500 deaths, down from 34,000 in 1990. More than 80% of these cases are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Three major outbreaks have occurred in recent history: one from 1896 to 1906 primarily in Uganda and the Congo Basin, and two in 1920 and 1970, in several African countries. It is classified as a neglected tropical disease. Other animals, such as cows, may carry the disease and become infected in which case it is known as nagana or animal trypanosomiasis.

Concept

The Tour de Suisse (English: Tour of Switzerland) is an annual road cycling stage race. Raced over eight days, the event covers two weekends in June, and along with the Critérium du Dauphiné, it is considered a proving ground for the Tour de France, which is on the calendar approximately two weeks after the end of the Tour de Suisse. Since 2011 the event is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional races. From 2021, a women's race has been held at the same time, with the event joining the UCI Women's World Tour from 2023.

Concept

Electronic mail (usually shortened to email; alternatively hyphenated e-mail) is a method of transmitting and receiving digital messages using electronic devices over a computer network. It was conceived in the late–20th century as the digital version of, or counterpart to, mail (hence e- + mail). Email is a ubiquitous and very widely used communication medium; in current use, an email address (commonly local-part + @ + domain name) is often treated as a basic and necessary part of many processes in business, commerce, government, education, entertainment, and other spheres of daily life in most countries. Email operates across computer networks, primarily the Internet, and also local area networks. Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need to connect, typically to a mail server or a webmail interface to send or receive messages or download it. Originally a text-only ASCII communications medium, Internet email was extended by MIME to carry text in expanded character sets and multimedia content such as images. International email, with internationalized email addresses using UTF-8, is standardized but not widely adopted.