Planck

Event

The Carnation Revolution (Portuguese: Revolução dos Cravos), code-named Operation Historic Turn, also known as the 25 April, and Portuguese Revolution (Portuguese: Revolução Portuguesa) was a military coup in Portugal by officers that on 25 April 1974 overthrew Marcelo Caetano and the Estado Novo regime established by António de Oliveira Salazar (r. 1932–1968). The coup came in the midst of the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974) in its overseas colonies and produced major social, economic, territorial, demographic, and political changes in Portugal and in Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, and other former Portuguese colonies through the Ongoing Revolutionary Process. It resulted in the Portuguese transition to democracy and an end to the Portuguese Colonial War. It also had worldwide repercussions by marking the beginning of the third wave of democracy. The revolution began as a coup organised by the Armed Forces Movement (MFA), composed of military officers who opposed the regime, but it was soon coupled with an unanticipated popular civil resistance campaign. Negotiations with African independence movements began, and by the end of 1974, Portuguese troops were withdrawn from Portuguese Guinea, which became a UN member state as Guinea-Bissau. This was followed in 1975 by the independence of Cape Verde, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe and Angola in Africa and the declaration of independence of East Timor in Southeast Asia. These events prompted a mass exodus of Portuguese citizens from Portugal's African territories, displacing over 1 million Portuguese people who came to be known as the retornados. The Carnation Revolution got its name from the fact that almost no shots were fired, and from restaurant worker Celeste Caeiro who offered carnations to soldiers when the population took to the streets to celebrate the end of the dictatorship. Other demonstrators followed suit and placed carnations in the muzzles of guns and on soldiers' uniforms. In Portugal, 25 April is a national holiday that commemorates the revolution.

Land

Saint-Martin-de-Ré (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ maʁtɛ̃ də ʁe], lit. "St Martin of Ré"; Saintongeais: Sént-Martin-de-Ré, before 1962: Saint-Martin) is a commune in the western French department of Charente-Maritime. It is one of the ten communes located on the Île de Ré. The fortifications in Saint-Martin-de-Ré, drawn up by Vauban between 1681 and 1685, were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2008 for their testimony to Vauban's work and its influence on military strategy and architecture over the subsequent 200 years.

Being

Jean Victor Marie Moreau (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ viktɔʁ maʁi mɔʁo], 14 February 1763 – 2 September 1813) was a French general who helped Napoleon Bonaparte rise to power, but later became his chief military and political rival and was banished to the United States. A product of the French Revolution, he is among the foremost French generals in military history. He led the French Revolutionary Army to a series of victories, including the major Battle of Hohenlinden; however, he also suffered defeats against such capable military commanders as Archduke Charles and Alexander Suvorov.

Being

Phoenix is a French band from Versailles, formed in 1995. Their line-up, which has remained unchanged since their formation, comprises Thomas Mars (lead vocals, drums, percussion), Deck d'Arcy (bass, keyboards, backing vocals), Christian Mazzalai (guitar, backing vocals) and Laurent Brancowitz (guitar, keyboards, backing vocals). Thomas Hedlund has been the band's session and live drummer since 2005. The band's sound has been primarily described as indie pop, synth-pop, pop rock, and new wave. They have released seven studio albums, to date, with their fourth album, Wolfgang Amadeus Phoenix, becoming a major breakthrough success in 2009. Featuring the singles "1901" and "Lisztomania", the album won a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album. With the release of the band's fifth album, Bankrupt! (2013), the band headlined Coachella and Primavera Sound. The album was a commercial success, debuting at number 3 on the French Albums Chart and number 4 on the Billboard 200. The band's Italo disco-influenced sixth studio album, Ti Amo, was released in 2017 and featured songs that celebrated the band's "European, Latin roots". The band's seventh studio album, Alpha Zulu (2022), was recorded within the Louvre Palace during the COVID-19 pandemic, and was inspired by the death of the band's longtime producer, friend and mentor Philippe Zdar. The band performed at the 2024 Summer Olympics closing ceremony held at the Stade de France in Paris, France. They performed the 2010 track "Nightcall" in collaboration with French electronic pop artist Kavinsky and Belgian singer Angèle as well as "Tonight" with Vampire Weekend frontman Ezra Koenig. Phoenix formed the supergroup UFOs with Braxe + Falcon, which released their debut single "UFO" in 2025.

Being

Paul Seixas (born 24 September 2006) is a French road cyclist, who rides for UCI WorldTeam Decathlon CMA CGM Team. He won the junior time trial at the 2024 UCI Road World Championships. Subsequent victories as a Junior, including the 2025 Tour de l'Avenir, and performances in his first two years as a professional cyclist, including being the youngest rider ever to finish in the top 10 of a UCI World Tour stage race at 2025 Critérium du Dauphiné, have led him to be described as "the next great talent" of professional cycling.